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NEW QUESTION # 15
A directory contains the following files:
What would be the output of the following shell script?
for file in *.txt
- A. A. txt
b. txt - B. a b
- C. A.txt
- D. *.txt
- E. c.cav
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 16
What are the differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window? (Choose three.)
- A. Private web browser windows do not support logins into websites.
- B. Private web browser windows do not allow printing or storing websites.
- C. Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history.
- D. Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently.
- E. Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies.
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
Explanation
A private web browser window is a mode of browsing that prevents the browser from saving your browsing history, cookies, and other site data, or information entered in forms. However, it does not prevent websites, your employer or school, or your internet service provider from tracking your online activity. The main differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window are:
* Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently. Cookies are small files that websites use to store information on your device, such as your preferences, login status, or tracking data. In a regular web browser window, cookies are stored until they expire or you delete them. In a private web browser window, cookies are deleted when you close all private windows.
* Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history. The browser history is a list of
* web pages that you have visited in the past. In a regular web browser window, the browser history is saved and can be accessed by anyone who uses the same device or profile. In a private web browser window, the browser history is not saved and cannot be viewed by anyone.
* Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies. When you visit a website in a regular web browser window, the browser sends any cookies that are stored for that website. This allows the website to recognize you and provide personalized content or services. When you visit a website in a private web browser window, the browser does not send any cookies that are stored in regular windows.
This prevents the website from identifying you or linking your activity across different sessions.
References: Browse in private - Computer - Google Chrome Help, Browse InPrivate in Microsoft Edge - Microsoft Support, Private Browsing: What Is It and How to Use It | Edge Learning Center
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?
- A. /usr/share/doc/
- B. /var/info/
- C. /etc/defaults/
- D. /usr/examples/
- E. /doc/
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The /usr/share/doc/ directory is the standard location for documentation files for installed software packages on Linux systems12. It contains subdirectories for each package, which may include README files, manuals, license information, changelogs, examples, and other useful resources12. The
/usr/share/doc/ directory is part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which defines the structure and layout of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems3.
The other options are incorrect because:
* /etc/defaults/ is a directory that contains settings for userland applications or services/daemons4.
* /var/info/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /var/ directory is used for variable data files, such as logs, caches, spools, and temporary files3.
* /doc/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The / directory is the root of the filesystem hierarchy and contains essential files and directories for booting, restoring, recovering, and/or repairing the system3.
* /usr/examples/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /usr/ directory is used for shareable, read-only data, such as binaries, libraries, documentation, and source code3.
References:
* Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin
* Configuration Files in Linux | Baeldung on Linux
* Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - Wikipedia
* Which of the Following Directories Contains Information, Documentation ...
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNSname to an IP address?
- A. dns
- B. dnsname
- C. query
- D. iplookup
- E. host
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 19
When typing a long command line at the shell, what single character can be used to split a command across multiple lines?
Answer:
Explanation:
\
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?
- A. cut linux operating-systems.txt
- B. less -i linux operating-systems.txt
- C. cut [Ll] [Ii] [Nn] [Uu] [Xx] operating-systems.txt
- D. grep -i linux operating-systems.txt
- E. igrep linux operating-systems.txt
Answer: D
Explanation:
The grep command is used to search for a pattern in a file or input. The -i option makes the search case-insensitive, meaning that it will match both uppercase and lowercase letters. The grep command takes the pattern as the first argument and the file name as the second argument. Therefore, the command grep -i linux operating-systems.txt will find all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case. Reference: Linux Essentials - Topic 103: Finding Linux Documentation and Linux Essentials - Topic 104: Command Line Basics
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?
- A. /usr/share/doc/
- B. /var/info/
- C. /etc/defaults/
- D. /usr/examples/
- E. /doc/
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 22
What is true about arecursive directory listing?
- A. It includes details of file system internals, such as inodes.
- B. It includes ownership information for the files.
- C. It includes the permissions of the directory listed.
- D. Itincludes a preview of content for each file in the directory.
- E. It includes the content of sub-directories.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following commands will search for the filefoo.txtunder the directory/home?
- A. search /home foo. txt
- B. find /home - file foo.txt
- C. find /home foo.txt
- D. search /home -file foo.txt
- E. find /home -name foo.txt
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct command to search for the file foo.txt under the directory /home is find /home -name foo.txt. This command uses the find command, which is used to search for files and directories that match certain criteria.
The first argument, /home, specifies the starting point of the search. The second argument, -name, indicates that the search is based on the name of the file or directory. The third argument, foo.txt, is the name of the file to be searched for. The find command will recursively search all the subdirectories under /home and print the path of any file or directory that matches the name foo.txt.
The other commands are incorrect for various reasons:
* A. search /home -file foo.txt is incorrect because there is no such command as search in Linux. The correct command for searching files and directories is find.
* B. search /home foo.txt is incorrect because, as mentioned above, there is no search command in Linux.
Also, this command does not use any option to specify the search criteria, such as -name, -type, -size, etc.
* C. find /home - file foo.txt is incorrect because the option -file is not valid. The correct option for specifying the type of file or directory is -type, followed by a letter that indicates the type, such as f for regular file, d for directory, l for symbolic link, etc. For example, find /home -type f -name foo.txt would
* search for a regular file named foo.txt under /home.
* E. find /home foo.txt is incorrect because this command does not use any option to specify the search criteria, such as -name, -type, -size, etc. This command will search for any file or directory that has foo.txt as part of its name, not exactly as its name. For example, this command will also match a file named barfoo.txt or a directory named foo.txt.bak.
References: : find command in Linux with examples - GeeksforGeeks : 15 Super Useful Examples of Find Command in Linux
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
drw-r-xr--
- A. -rwxrw---x
- B. d-wxr-x--
- C.
- D. -rw-r-xr--
- E. -wxr-x--x
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the followingoutputs could stem from the commandlast?
- A. EXT4-fs (dm-7): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
- B. 1 ls
2 cat text.txt
3 logout - C. Last login: Fri Mar 23 10:56:39 2018 from server.example.com
- D. Password for user last changed at Sat Mar 31 16:38:57 EST 2018
- E. root tty2 Wed May 17 21:11 - 21:11 (00:00)
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?
- A. The SATA bus
- B. The CPU bus
- C. The RAM bus
- D. The NUMA bus
- E. The Auto bus
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. There are different types of buses that serve different purposes. The RAM bus connects the CPU with the main memory, the NUMA bus connects multiple processors in a multiprocessor system, the CPU bus connects the CPU with other components on the motherboard, and the Auto bus is a fictional bus that can transform into a robot. The SATA bus is the correct answer because it is a type of bus that can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard. SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment and it is a standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disk drives, solid state drives, and optical drives.
SATA offers faster data transfer rates, lower power consumption, and improved cable management compared to older interfaces such as IDE and SCSI. References: : [Bus (computing)] : [Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)] : [Serial ATA]3) : [SATA vs. IDE: What's the Difference?]
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
- A. -rwxrw---x
- B. d-wxr-x--
- C. -rw-r-xr--
- D. drw-r-xr--
- E. -wxr-x--x
Answer: C
Explanation:
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The permissions are represented by three sets of three characters, indicating the permissions for the owner, the group, and the others. Each character can be either r (read), w (write), x (execute), or - (no permission). The chmod command can use either symbolic or numeric mode to specify the permissions. In this question, the numeric mode is used, which consists of three digits from 0 to 7. Each digit is the sum of the permissions for each set, where r is 4, w is 2, and x is 1. For example, 7 means rwx, 6 means rw-, and 4 means r-. Therefore, the command chmod 654 file.txt sets the permissions as follows:
The first digit 6 means rw- for the owner, which means the owner can read and write the file, but not execute it.
The second digit 5 means r-x for the group, which means the group can read and execute the file, but not write it.
The third digit 4 means r-- for the others, which means the others can only read the file, but not write or execute it.
The resulting permissions are -rw-r-xr-, which is the correct answer. The other options are incorrect because they either have the wrong permissions or the wrong file type. A regular file does not have the d (directory) prefix, and a directory cannot have the - (no file type) prefix. Reference:
Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 4.1. Ownership and Permissions1 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Chapter 8. Security and File Permissions - 8.1. Ownership and Permissions - 8.1.1. The chmod Command2 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises - Chapter 8. Security and File Permissions - 8.1. Ownership and Permissions - Exercise 8.1.12
NEW QUESTION # 28
What information can be displayed bytop?
- A. User groups, ordered by the number of members.
- B. User accounts, ordered by the number of files.
- C. Existing files, ordered by their size.
- D. Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption.
- E. User accounts, ordered by the number of logins.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The top command is a Linux command that shows the running processes on the system. It provides a dynamic real-time view of the system performance and resource usage. The top command can display various information about the processes, such as their process ID, user, priority, state, CPU and memory usage, command name, and more. The top command can also sort the processes by different criteria, such as CPU or RAM consumption, by using the interactive commands. The top command is useful for monitoring the system load and identifying the processes that are consuming the most resources. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.3: Basic features and commands of the Linux standard shells.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.4: Monitor and manage Linux processes.
NEW QUESTION # 29
A directory contains the following three files:
texts 1.txt
texts 2.txt
texts 3.csv
Which command copies the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory?
- A. cp *.txt /tmp/
- B. cp $?.txt /tmp/
- C. cp. \.txt /tmp/
- D. cp ??.txt /tmp/
- E. cp ?.txt /tmp/
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct command to copy the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory is cp *.txt /tmp/. This command uses the wildcard character * to match any number of characters before the .txt extension. Therefore, it will copy both texts 1.txt and texts 2.txt to the destination directory /tmp/. The other options are incorrect because they use different wildcard characters or syntax that do not match the desired files. For example, option A uses ?? to match exactly two characters before the .txt extension, but the files have a space and a number, which are not considered as one character. Option C uses a backslash \ to escape the dot . before the .txt extension, but this is unnecessary and will cause the command to fail. Option D uses ? to match exactly one character before the .txt extension, but the files have more than one character. Option E uses $? to match the exit status of the previous command before the .txt extension, but this is not relevant and will cause the command to fail123 Reference: 1: Linux wildcards | How do wildcards work in Linux with examples? - EDUCBA 2: Wildcards in Linux explained with 10 examples | FOSS Linux 3: What are wildcard characters in Linux? - Sage-Answers
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following commands sorts the output of the commandexport-logs?
- A. export-logs > sort
- B. export-logs | sort
- C. export-logs < sort
- D. export-logs & sort
- E. export-logs <> sort
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which statements about the directory /etc/skel are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created.
- B. The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system.
- C. The directory contains a default set of configuration files used by the useradd command.
- D. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system.
- E. The personal user settings of root are stored in this directory.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The /etc/skel directory is a skeleton directory that contains the default files and directories that are automatically copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created by the useradd command12. The purpose of this directory is to provide a consistent and uniform environment for all new users and to save the system administrator's time and effort in configuring the user settings12. The /etc/skel directory can be customized by adding or removing files and directories as needed, depending on the desired default settings for the new users12.
The other options are incorrect because:
A . The personal user settings of root are stored in this directory. This is not true, as the personal user settings of root are stored in the /root directory, which is the home directory of the root user3. The /etc/skel directory does not affect the root user's settings, but only the settings of the new users created by the useradd command12.
B . The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system. This is not true, as the files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when the account is created, not when starting the system12. The copying process only happens once, when the useradd command is executed, and not every time the system is started12.
E . The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system. This is not true, as the directory contains the default settings for the new users, not the global settings for the Linux system12. The global settings for the Linux system are usually stored in other directories under /etc, such as /etc/default, /etc/sysconfig, /etc/init.d, etc4.
Reference:
Understanding the /etc/skel directory in Linux - The Geek Diary
/etc/skel directory in Linux - techPiezo
Linux File System Hierarchy - /root directory - LinuxConfig.org
Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a for loop in a shell script?
- A. for ls *.txt exec {} \;
- B. foreach @{file} { echo $i
} - C. for *.txt ( echo $i )
- D. for *.txt as file => echo $file
- E. for file in *.txt do
echo $i done
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 33
......
To prepare for the exam, candidates should have a solid understanding of Linux fundamentals and be familiar with Linux command-line tools. It is also recommended that candidates have hands-on experience with Linux and have completed a Linux Essentials course or training program. There are a number of study resources available for the exam, including online courses, practice exams, and study guides.
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