Easily To Pass New 4A0-220 Premium Exam Updated [Apr 13, 2024]
4A0-220 Certification All-in-One Exam Guide Apr-2024
Nokia 4A0-220 certification exam is a valuable credential for network professionals who want to demonstrate their expertise in GMPLS-controlled optical networks. 4A0-220 exam covers a range of topics related to network design, configuration, and troubleshooting, and is designed to evaluate the candidate's knowledge and skills in these areas. With the Nokia GMPLS-controlled optical networks certification, candidates can enhance their career opportunities and demonstrate their commitment to professional development in this field.
Nokia 4A0-220 exam covers a wide range of topics related to optical networking, including the principles of optical transmission, the architecture of GMPLS-controlled optical networks, the configuration and management of GMPLS protocols, and the troubleshooting of optical network faults. 4A0-220 exam is intended for professionals who have a strong background in networking and have experience working with optical networks.
NEW QUESTION # 21
What is the GMRE notify address?
- A. The OSPF-TE broadcast IP used to flood the link adjacency information
- B. The email exchange server to notify the operators of network failures
- C. The LMP Control Channel ID. This field contains the IPv4 address of the ingress LER as a global unique identifier
- D. An IP address used to signal failures on downstream nodes upstream to the head node
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE notify address is an IP address used to signal failures on downstream nodes upstream to the head node. The GMRE notify address is configured on each GMRE node and is used to send a Notify message to the head node when a failure occurs on a link or node alongthe LSP. The Notify message contains the failure information and the LSP ID. The head node can then initiate a restoration process based on the Notify message. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 22
What is the purpose of preemption when establishing an LSP?
- A. To measure the end-to-end latency
- B. To assign the correct wavelengths depending on the type of traffic
- C. To tear down an existing LSP in order to accommodate higher priority traffic
- D. To pick the next hop during LSP signalling
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Preemption is a mechanism that allows a higher priority LSP to tear down an existing lower priority LSP in order to obtain the required resources for its establishment. Preemption can occur when there is not enough bandwidth or other resources available on a link or node to accommodate a new LSP request. In this case, the node can select one or more lower priority LSPs that are using the resources and send them a PathErr message with a Preempt error code. This causes the lower priority LSPs to beterminated and release their resources. The node can then allocate the resources to the higher priority LSP and send a Resv message to confirm its reservation34. References:
* 3: RFC 4829: Label Switched Path (LSP) Preemption Policies for MPLS Traffic Engineering4
* 4: MPLS Applications User Guide | Juniper Networks5
NEW QUESTION # 23
How is the GMRE functionality guaranteed in Nokia equipment?
- A. Controller redundancy guarantees GMRE functionality
- B. Rack redundancy guarantees GMRE functionality in case of a power outage
- C. Redundant LAN cables guarantee GMRE functionality
- D. The specific software configuration guarantees GMRE functionality
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE functionality is guaranteed in Nokia equipment by controller redundancy. The controller is the hardware component that runs the GMPLS software and controls the switching fabric of the node. Each node has two controllers, one active and one standby, that synchronize their states and databases. If the active controller fails, the standby controller takes over and ensures the continuity of the GMRE functionality. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS) | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 24
How do you add a 3R resource to the NPA in NFM-T?
- A. The resource is discovered automatically
- B. The 3R is added to the NPA through the Constraint Wizard
- C. The 3R is added in the Node panel and automatically added to the NPA
- D. The trail is provisioned with 3R constraints and discovered automatically
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The 3R resource is a type of optical regeneration resource that can be used to extend the reach of optical signals in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The 3R resource performs three functions: reshaping, retiming, and reamplifying the optical signal. The 3R resource can be added to the Network Planning Application (NPA) in the Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport (NFM-T) through the Constraint Wizard. The Constraint Wizard is a tool that allows the user to define various constraints and parameters for the network design, such as optical impairments, wavelength availability, protection schemes, and regeneration resources. The user can select the 3R resource from the list of available resources and specify its location, capacity, and cost. The NPA then uses this information to perform feasibility checks and path computation for the LSP requests12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 25
What is the purpose of the RSVP-TE Notify message?
- A. It is the node's alarm control channel
- B. It is a mechanism to inform non-adjacent nodes of LSP events
- C. It is a mechanism to inform the NM5 of L5P events
- D. It is confirmation of a node's resource reservation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
RSVP-TE Notify message is a message type defined in the RSVP-TE protocol, which is an extension of the RSVP protocol for MPLS traffic engineering. RSVP-TE Notify message is used to inform non-adjacent nodes of LSP events, such as setup, modification, or teardown. This allows the nodes to update their local state information and perform actions based on the notification. For example, a Notify message can be used to trigger a fast reroute mechanism in case of a link or node failure12. References:
* 1: RFC 3473 - Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions
* 2: RFC 3471 - Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following best describes the Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T?
- A. An administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link
- B. An automatic shutdown of a TE-link and all of the LSPs in the TE-link
- C. A transient state where current SNCs are soft-rerouted away from the TE-link
- D. A soft synchronization state where new traffic is not allowed
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T is an administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link. This state is used to prepare a TE-link for maintenance or decommissioning without affecting the existing services. The NFM-T sets the TE-link to Soft Shutting Down state by sending a Notify message with the Administrative State Change flag to the head-end node of the TE-link. The head-end node then stops accepting new LSP requests over the TE-link and sends a PathErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the tail-end nodes of the LSPs in the TE-link. The tail-end nodes then stop sending new traffic over the LSPs and send a ResvErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the intermediate nodes of the LSPs. The intermediate nodes then update their routing tables and stop forwarding new traffic over the LSPs. The existing traffic, however, continues to flow over the LSPs until they are manually deleted or rerouted by the NFM-T. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 27
What category of protocols is used by the ingress router to set up a new LSP?
- A. Link management protocols
- B. Link aggregation protocols
- C. Signaling protocols
- D. Coloring protocols
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Signaling protocols are protocols that are used by the ingress router to set up a new LSP in an MPLS network.
Signaling protocols are responsible for requesting, allocating, and releasing resources along the LSP, as well as establishing and maintaining the label bindings between the nodes. Some examples of signaling protocols are RSVP-TE, LDP, and CR-LDP34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: MPLS Configuration Guide for Cisco NCS 5500 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.1.x - Implementing MPLS Label Distribution Protocol [Cisco IOS XR Software (End-of-Sale)] - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 28
How can you modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T?
- A. By using the Reroute Wizard to modify the constraints
- B. By changing the SRG constraints
- C. By using the Constraint Wizard to modify the constraints
- D. By putting the LSP in Test mode and moving traffic
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC Nominal Route is the default or preferred route that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. The SNC Nominal Route is determined by the constraints that are specified by the user during the LSP creation process, such as cost, SRLG, color, bandwidth, protection, and regeneration. The user can modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T by using the Constraint Wizard, which is a tool that allows the user to change the constraints for an existing LSP. The Constraint Wizard will then compute a new SNC Nominal Route based on the modified constraints and update the LSP accordingly34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which provisioning steps arecommon in both CP to plain MP networks?
- A. Node creation
CPB provisioning process Link association CPB power balance - B. Node creation
CPB provisioning process Node synchronization NPA implementation - C. Node creation SRG creation Node synchronization CPB power balance
- D. Node creation
CPB provisioning process Node synchronization CPB power balance
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The provisioning steps that are common in both CP to plain MP networks are node creation, CPB provisioning process, node synchronization, and CPB power balance. These steps are required to create and commission the nodes, provision the cross-connect boards (CPBs), associate the links between the nodes, synchronize the network elements (NEs) with the NFM-T, and balance the power levels of the CPBs. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 30
Automation is one of the key features of GMPLS. What is its main benefit?
- A. Reducing OPEX
- B. Providing resilience against multiple failures
- C. Reducing CAPEX
- D. Supporting multi-vendor networks
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Automation is one of the key features of GMPLS that allows dynamic provisioning of optical transport connections between IP routers and optical network elements2. Automation reduces the operational time and administrative overhead required to provision new connectivity, which in turn reduces the operational expenditure (OPEX) of the network. Reducing CAPEX, providing resilience against multiple failures, and supporting multi-vendor networks are not direct benefits of automation, but rather possible outcomes of using GMPLS in general. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: GMPLS - Nokia
* 3: Traffic survivability through Protection and Restoration Combined (PRC) - YouTube
* [4]: GMPLS: Architecture and Applications - Google Books
NEW QUESTION # 31
How do you configure the Trail template in NFM-T for an Uplink board (such as 2UC400) in an MRN network with LO and LI restoration capabilities?
- A. Check the Logical Link box
Set the Port Type to Unterminated Check the ASON Routed box Uncheck the ASON Tunnel box - B. Uncheck the Logical Link box Set the Port Type to Terminated Check the ASON Routed box Uncheck the ASON Tunnel box
- C. Uncheck the Logical Link box Set the Port Type to Terminated Check the ASON Routed box Check the ASON Tunnel box
- D. Check the Logical Link box
Set the Port Type to Unterminated Check the ASON Routed box Check the ASON Tunnel box
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
To configure the Trail template in NFM-T for an Uplink board (such as 2UC400) in an MRN network with LO and LI restoration capabilities, you need to check the Logical Link box, set the Port Type to Unterminated, check the ASON Routed box, and uncheck the ASON Tunnel box. This configuration allows you to create a logical link between two Uplink boards that can be used for LO or LI restoration. The logical link is not terminated at the Uplink board, but at the OTU board. The ASON Routed option enables the GMPLS control plane for the logical link, while the ASON Tunnel option is not applicable for Uplink boards. References : Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia, Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO
NEW QUESTION # 32
A network with ROADM GMPLS nodes and optical transponder connections could have:
- A. L0 restoration capabilities
- B. L0 and LI restoration capabilities
- C. L1 restoration capabilities
- D. No restoration capabilities
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A network with ROADM GMPLS nodes and optical transponder connections could have both L0 and L1 restoration capabilities. L0 restoration refers to the ability of the network to recover from failures at the optical layer, such as fiber cuts or node failures, by rerouting the affected LSPs to alternative paths at the same layer.
L0 restoration can be achieved by using GMPLS signaling protocols, such as RSVP-TE or CR-LDP, to establish backup LSPs in advance or on demand. L0 restoration can provide fast recovery times and high availability for optical services34. L1 restoration refers to the ability of the network to recover from failures at the sub-wavelength layer, such as transponder failures or wavelength unavailability, by rerouting the affected LSPs to alternative paths at a higher layer. L1 restoration can be achieved by using GMPLS routing protocols, such as OSPF-TE or ISIS-TE, to advertise the sub-wavelength information and availability to other nodes in the network. L1 restoration can provide more flexibility and efficiency for sub-wavelength services56.
References:
* 3: GMPLS - Nokia
* 4: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
* 5: Sub-Wavelength Switching - Nokia
* 6: Sub-Wavelength Switching in Optical Networks - IEEE Xplore
NEW QUESTION # 33
What does the SNC state with an uppercase "N" mean in a resource in NFM-T?
- A. Indicates the nominal resource on a TE-link that is not in use
- B. Indicates it's using a link other than the Nominal
- C. Indicates if s a higher alarm state level
- D. Indicates it's currently using the Nominal resource assigned to it
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC state with an uppercase "N" means that the resource is currently using the nominal resource assigned to it. As explained in the previous question, a nominal resource is the default or preferred resource that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. If an LSP is using the nominal resource on a TE-link, it means that the LSP has not been rerouted or switched due to any failure or constraint violation. In this case, the SNC state of the resource will be "N", indicating that it is in use by an LSP12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 34
What does Test Mode do in an SNC?
- A. Source nodes of affected client services will not be notified in case of failure
- B. It clears the ASONTOPO alarms
- C. It initiates the LMP link verification by sending Test Messages
- D. The LSP will not be restored and will behave like an unprotected service
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Test Mode is a feature of the Link Management Protocol (LMP) that allows testing the connectivity and functionality of a link or a TE-link. Test Mode can be initiated by either end of a link or a TE-link by sending a Test Message with a Test ID and a Test Pattern. The Test Message is sent over the control channel of the link or the TE-link and contains information such as the source and destination IP addresses, the link ID, and the test parameters. The receiving node then verifies the Test Message and sends back a TestStatusAck message with the same Test ID and Test Pattern. The TestStatusAck message indicates whether the test was successful or not, and if not, what was the reason for failure. Test Mode can be used to check if a link or a TE-link is operational, if it has any errors or faults, or if it supports certain features or capabilities. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, RFC 4204 - Link Management Protocol (LMP)
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which categories of protocols are included in the GMPLS technology?
- A. Routing, grooming, and signaling
- B. Signaling, routing, and forwarding
- C. Routing, signaling, and link management
- D. Link management, signaling, and switching
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMPLS technology includes three categories of protocols: routing, signaling, and link management.
Routing protocols are used to exchange information about the network topology, resources, and constraints among the nodes. Signaling protocols are used to establish, modify, and release Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network. Link management protocols are used to verify the connectivity and status of the links between adjacent nodes. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS
- Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 36
What is the Feasibility File in GMRE nodes?
- A. A control checklist for the operator
- B. A file with target values that determine whether a given LSP can be routed
- C. A file of optical impairment parameters for power balance
- D. A file with commissioned GMRE nodes for NPA implementation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Feasibility File is a file that contains a set of target values for various optical impairment parameters, such as OSNR, CD, PMD, and PDL, that are used to determine whether a given LSP can be routed through the GMRE network. The Feasibility File is generated by the Network Planning Application (NPA) based on the network design and the service requirements. The Feasibility File is then loaded into the GMRE nodes and used by the GMPLS routing engine to perform feasibility checks for LSP requests. The Feasibility File ensures that the LSPs are routed in accordance with the network plan and the optical performance criteria12.
References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 37
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